1.) The first books were produced in Ancient Egypt on papyrus, which was derived from a species of river reed. Eventually, parchment (treated animal skin) replaced papyrus because of its strength and durability. The Roman codex was the first book that was cut into sheets and sewn together down the side in a format that closely resembles the books of today. In the Middle Ages, manuscripts were meticulously lettered, decorated and bound by hand. Some of these manuscripts were illuminated (i.e., illustrated and beautifully decorated on each page.)
2.) The Gutenberg printing press totally revolutionized book production. They first printed Bibles but then moved on to other works. This process was the forerunner to mass production. The availability of books also increased education across the board. By the 1830's, paperbacks and dime novels were introduced.
3.) There are seven categories of books today: Trade books, professional books, text books, mass market paper backs, religious books, reference books and university press books.
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